Gyumri, between history and culture: 5 essential stops

Nestled in Armenia's Shirak region in the northwest, Gyumri stands as the country's second-largest city and one of its oldest. Its history traces back to antiquity, with evidence of habitation from the Urartian period. Over the centuries, the city has borne various names: Kumayri, Alexandropol during the Russian Empire, Leninakan in the Soviet era, and finally returning to its historic name, Gyumri, after Armenia's independence in 1991.​

Renowned as a major cultural and artistic center, Gyumri boasts esteemed schools, theaters, and a wealth of artistic heritage. Notable figures such as poets Avetik Isahakyan and Hovhannes Shiraz, along with actor Mher Mkrtchyan, hail from this vibrant city. Museums dedicated to these luminaries underscore Gyumri's rich cultural tapestry.​

Despite the devastation wrought by the 1988 earthquake, Gyumri has remarkably preserved its unique architecture, especially in the historic Kumayri district, where over a thousand 19th-century buildings remain. Today, the city continues to rebuild and reinvent itself, solidifying its status as a must-visit destination for history, art, and culture enthusiasts.​

Here are five essential sites to explore during your visit to Gyumri:

1. Kumayri Historic District

Kumayri serves as Gyumri's vibrant heart, with each alley narrating a chapter of its storied past. Established in the 19th century, it's among the few places in Armenia to retain authentic urban architecture. Buildings crafted from red and black volcanic tuff, adorned with intricate facades, reflect Russian and European influences. Wandering these streets offers a palpable sense of Gyumri's enduring spirit and history.

2. Black Fortress (Sev Berd)

Overlooking Gyumri, the Black Fortress stands as a formidable remnant of the Russian imperial era. Constructed in the mid-19th century, it served as a strategic military bastion, accommodating up to 5,000 soldiers. Today, visitors can explore its enduring structure and enjoy panoramic vistas of the city and surrounding mountains, all while delving into Gyumri's military history.

3. Dzitoghtsyan Museum of National Architecture and Urban Life

Housed in a 19th-century merchant's residence built in 1872, this museum offers a window into Gyumri's daily life across the centuries. The collection features household items, traditional costumes, and artifacts that shed light on the city's cultural and historical influences. Visiting this museum provides a deeper understanding of the traditions and customs that have shaped Gyumri.

4. Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God (Sourb Amenaprkich)

This majestic cathedral, erected between 1858 and 1876, ranks among Armenia's largest churches. Modeled after the Cathedral of Ani, it suffered damage during the 1988 earthquake but has since been partially restored. The cathedral's imposing architecture and religious significance continue to captivate visitors, standing as a testament to the resilience and faith of the Armenian people.

5. Gyumri's Central Park (Gorky Park)

Developed in the 1920s on the site of a former cemetery, Central Park serves as a serene retreat for both locals and tourists. The park features lush lawns, children's playgrounds, café terraces, and sweeping views of the city. It's an ideal spot to relax, observe daily life, and appreciate Gyumri's urban landscapes.

Conclusion

Gyumri, with its rich historical, cultural, and artistic heritage, offers visitors an authentic and immersive experience. Its cobblestone streets, volcanic tuff buildings, and iconic monuments reflect the resilience and creativity of its people. Exploring its museums, churches, and lively squares reveals a city that, despite past hardships, continues to shine and inspire. Gyumri is not merely a tourist destination; it's an invitation to delve into the very soul of Armenia.